1.4 Vocabulary - Formation of Words ( Word Building )

 Formation of Words ( Word Building )

We can form nouns from adjectives, nouns from verb, adjective from nouns, adverb from adjectives, and so on. That is, we can interchange the part of speech. This is called Word building.

This can be done by adding letters at the end of words to form such new words. These are called suffix.(sometimes you have to make a slight change in the spelling of the word before adding the suffix.) Or the new word can be completely different words.

1. FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES:

you can form adjectives from other word by adding suffix as given below :examples

1. able : depend - dependable ; accept  - acceptable

2. ful : hope  -  hopeful; faith  - faithful

3. ous : danger   - dangerous ; fam   -  famous

4. less : harm  -  harmless ; care  - careless

5. ish : child  -  childish ; girl  - girlish

6. ive : attract  -  attractive ; impress  - impressive

7. al : region  -  regional; season  -  seasonal

8. ary : imagine  -  imaginary ; custom  - customary

9 . y : Sleep  -  sleepy ; dust - dusty

10. ly : year  -  yearly ; friend - friendly

11. ed : gift  -  gifted;  talent - talented

12. ing : interest  -  interesting ; bore  -  boring

13. en : break  -  broken; wood -  wooden

14. some : quarrel -  quarrelsome ; awe  - awesome

2. FORMATION OF NOUNS :

you can form nouns from other word and even for other nouns by adding suffix as given below:

Examples.

1. ness : Ugali -  ugliness ; bitter  - bitterness

2. ment : Judge -  judgement;  govern - government

3. dom:  King -  kingdom ; wise -  wisdom

4. sion : Oppress  - Oppression ; invade - invention

5. tion : Act -  action ; describe -  description

6. cy : Infant -  infancy; frequent  - frequency

7. ence : Independent -  independence; patient  - patience

8. ance : Attend -  attendance; elegant  - elegance

9. ship : Scholar  - scholarship; friend -  friendship

10. hood : Girl  - girlhood ; child  - childhood

11. al : Propose -  proposal ; remove -  removal

12. er : Paint -  painter ; teach  - teacher

3. FORMATION OF VERBS:

You can also form words out of other word by adding suffixes .

Examples.

1. en : strength -  strengthen ; wide -  widen

2. ate : regular  - regulate ; different -  differentiate

3. fy : beauty  - beautiful ; simple  - simplify

4. ise / ize : general  - generalize ; fertile  - fertilize

4. FORMATION OF ADVERBS :

adverbs are generally formed by adding the letters 'ly', er or est to the adjective.

Examples. Beautiful - beautifully; rich -richly ; fierce - fiercely ; high - higher

Happy - happily Kind - kindly Marry - merrily Cruel  - cruelly Steady  - steadily Slow   -  slower, slowest Sad  -  sadly

Proud  - proudly Luckily   - luckily Deep   -  deeply Angry  -  angrily Brave   -  bravely Early   - earlier ,earliest Heavy   - heavily

Que. 1   Identify the following:

1. The correct noun form of : revlove

(1) revolving (2) revolved (3) revolusion (4) revolution

2. The correct adjective form of : confidence

(1) confident (2) confidential (3) confidentially (4) confide

3. The correct verb form of: deep

(1) deepen (2) depth (3) deeply (4) endeep

4. The correct adverb form of: nice

(1) nicly (2) nicely (3) niceness (4) nicily

Que. 2    Select the correct noun-adjective pair :

(1) see-seeking (2) work-workable (3) nature-naturally (4) joy-enjoy

Explanation : 'See' is a verb: 'naturally is an adverb:'enjoy' is a verb. The only noun-adjective pair is 2. Hence option (2) is the answer. 

Que. 3    Select the correct adjective-adverb pair :

(1) courageous-courageously (2) fast - fastly (3) limited - limitless  (4) heavy-heaviness

Explanation : The word 'fastly' is incorrect: limitless is an adjective: heaviness is a noun. The only adjective-adverb pair is 1. Hence option (1) is the answer. 

Que. 4     Choose the wrong pair of verb and its noun form : (2019)

(1) nose-nasal (2) power-empower (3) advise-advice(4) relief-relieve

(1) 3     (2) 2      (3) 1     (4) 4   

Explanation : 'Nose' is a noun, but nasal' is an adjective, not a verb. Hence, (1) is the wrong pair of verb and its noun form. 

Que.  5  Select the wrong adjective-adverb pair :

(1) quick - quickily (2) beautiful - beautifully (3) sure-surely (4) smart-smartly

Explanation : The spelling of 'quickly' is wrong. Hence option (1) is the answer.

Que.  6  Choose the correct option to fu in the blank and make a sensible sentence :

       Seema was late, so she walked ........

(1) hurrying (2) hurreldly (3) hurrily (4) hurriedly

Explanation : The only correct answer is hurriedly. Hence option (4) is theanswer.

Que.   7   Choose the correct suffix that will form nouns from all the given

adjectives : honest, Jealous, difficult

(1) ly   (2) ness    (3) y    (4) ty

Explanation : Honesty, Jealousy and dificulty are the correct noun forms of the given words . Hence option  (3) is the answer