3.1 Parts of Speech

 

PARTS OF SPEECH

            Words are divided into different kinds or classes, called 'Parts of Speech', according to the work they do in a sentence. There are eight Parts of Speech. They are :

(1) Noun              (2) Adjective        (3) Adverb                  (4) Verb     

(5) Pronoun      (6) Preposition    (7) Conjunction    (8) Interjection

1. Noun        A Noun is a word that is the name of a person, place, animal, thing, feelings, processes, etc.       eg. - Suman, man, wolf,  table, joy, filtration, boy , river, etc.       1.  Rita entered the garden with her friends.

2. Adjective      An Adjective is a word that describes a noun or  pronoun, or adds meaning to it.           eg. -  active, three, many, . spacious, etc.     1.  The wealthy woman had a beautiful house with twenty rooms.

3. Adverb        An Adverb is a word that tells us more about a verb, an adjective or another adverb.           eg.  more, never, here, calmly, efficiently, quietly, etc.      1.  He visited his nephews very often.

4. Verb     A Verb is a word that tells us what a person, place, animal or thing is, has or is doing. It  denotes    action, state, being or     possession.      eg. - do, is, was, have,  run, swim, rises, etc. 1. I am really very tired. The boys play various games daily.

5. Pronoun     A Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun.      eg. - me, us, hers, them selves, etc.        1.  We spoke to them yesterday.        2.  The girls admired themselves in the mirror.

6. Preposition       A Preposition is a word that shows the relation between a word and a noun or pronoun that  comes after it.            1. Simple preposition :- in , at , by , upon , on , within , into , etc.             2. Complex preposition  :-  in spite of , because of ,  due to , in front of etc.            3. compound preposition :-   among , around , about, behind, between , beside, inside etc.            1.  The crow sat on the branch of a tree   2. The house is across that river .

7. Conjunction                       A Conjunction is a linking word. It joins two words, phrases or sentences.    Kinds of Conjunction :-   1. Co-ordinating Conjunction    2. Sub-ordinating Conjunction  eg. -   and, but, or, yet, either.....or, niether....nor, for, nor, both, ......and, not only.....but also , still     eg. - When, through, although, while, before, after, where, that,   so that, since, as...as, because,  as, as if, even if, in case,     whether, except, till, until, unless, if 1. You can take this book or that one. 2. I cannot attend school because I am sick.

3. Interjection     An Interjection is a word that expresses sud -den feeling              alas, hurrah, oops, etc.             1.  Ouch! That knife is sharp!            2.  Yay! We won the match!

Sample Questions 

      1. Identify the adverb from the given words :

(1) really    (2) calm

(3) bright   (4) work 

     2. Do as directed :

       1. In which of the following is the underlined word an adjective ?

       (1) I chanced to meet him yesterday.

       (2) It was a chance meeting.

       (3) Don't take any chances with this job.

(4) Your chances for completing the work are not bright.

       2. Find the two correct adjectives from the given sentence : (2017)

     The ship sustained heavy damage and the captain died a glorious death.

       (1) death         (2) damage

       (3) glorious      (4) heavy 

    3. Fill in the blanks with the correct option:

       its back ................ The crocodile carried the monkey the river.

        (1) over, under       (2) on, across

        (3) over, along        (4) on, from 

 4. Which part of speech the underlined word ?

      Nisha was late because she missed the bus.

         (1) preposition     (2) adverb

       (3) conjunction  (4) adjective

 5. Choose the odd man out :

          (1) simplicity    (2) humility   

          (3) dignity         (4) dirty

explanation : Dirty is an adjective while the others are all nouns. Hence, option (4) is the answer.